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Today Uzbekistan with its numerous ancient monuments, rich nature, and the present-day rapid progress attracts the whole world`s attention. For centuries the country was at the intersection of the Great Silk Road routes along which merchants, geographers, missionaries, and later tourists traveled. It is striking how the history, traditions and cultures of the nationalities populating the present-day Uzbekistan have been entangled with the history of Great Silk Road.
Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, and Shakhrizabs, where cultural and spiritual values had been long since concentrated, outstanding scientific centers and schools were established, architecture, craftsmanship, and applied art were flourishing, played the role of main urban centres. Creative work and various scientific achievements of the local scientists, thinkers, and poets have proved to be a valuable contribution to the development of the world civilization. Abu Ali ibn Sino, al-Khorezmiy, Mirzo Ulugbek, Bakhouddin Nakshband, al-Bukhoriy, at-Termeziy, Abu Raikhon Beruniy, Alisher Navoiy - this is but a short list of names of prominent figures of Uzbekistan.
Main remarkable sights and sites of Uzbekistan
Tashkent
Tashkent, the famous Central Asian city has been existing for over two thousand years at the border of agricultural oases of Central Asia and vast Eurasian steppes. Named “Chach” in the ancient times, present-day capital of Uzbekistan was not so large and historically significant in comparison with its southern neighbors - Samarkand and Bukhara. The site of present Tashkent has been populated for many thousand years. Divine greenery of Tashkent oasis, spreading along the bank of small but full-water river Chirchik, attracted people since Lithic age. Chirchik flows out of Chimgan mountains (western spurs of Tien-Shan mountain land; in fair weather they can be clearly seen from Tashkent) into great Central Asian river Syrdarya.
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Samarkand
Samarkand is an amazing, multifarious, unique city. For years of its history it repeatedly changed names, here numerous dynasties of rulers shifted by generations, it was built, destroyed, burnt, rebuilt, etc. So, this city survived whatever this varicolored and famous capital of Orient had fated to, the city admired by Tamelane, where Ulugbek, his descendant, wrote his works on astronomy. This city, with tremendously beautiful, mysterious and unique combination of tranquility with oriental temperament, can impress its visitors for years with only most pleasant and unforgettable memories, full of colors, and feeling of admiration to ancient Central Asian architects who created such a magnificent center of the world, with incomparable beauty and grace.
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Bukhara
Bukhara - amazing city of the planet, you can hardly find another city similar to it. Every year crowds of tourists from different corners of the world come here to witness living history fixed in stones of numerous monuments of medieval architecture having passed through centuries to bring us enjoy and tell about life, culture, interests of both ordinary people and upper rulers-khans, emirs, officials. Bukhoro-i-Sharif or Noble Bukhara have been special, in all meaning of this word, cultic oriental city for centuries up to present. Most interesting city in the world, writers and poets always called the city Saint Bukhara, Land of Islam, the pillar of religion. All these names related to religious significance of Bukhara for the whole Muslim community.
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Khiva
Khiva-ancient city in Khorezm viloyat on the lower reaches of the Amudarya, the pearl of Khorezm oasis, for a long time acting as the prominent center of the Great Silk Road. Khiva deserves to be called a city-museum in the open. It has preserved its numerous invaluable exhibits from old days to the present and became for our contemporaries something like Pompeii that survived after destroying “volcanic attack”. Unlike that ancient Roman city - now existing only in our memories - new Khiva is lively proof of the old one - distant and incomprehensible for us now. Like many other prosperous oriental cities, Khiva was born only due to waters of nearby Amudarya and raised on irrigated lands of fruitful Khorezm oasis.
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Fergana
Fergana city located in eastern part of Uzbekistan, on the southern edge of the Fergana valley, acts as administrative center of Fergana region. Fergana was founded in 1876 by general Skobelev, it is about 420 km east of Tashkent and 75 km west of Andijan. Total square of the city - 95 sq.km. Fergana has common border with Margilan, Kuvasay, also Tashlak and Fergana regions. The city’s altitude is 580 m; it’s one of the important oil-production centers. Here, in 1908 was constructed the first oil-refinery. Fergana has no ancient architectural and historical monuments but its outskirts famed for unique beautiful sites.
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Termez
The city of Termez is the center of the District. An ancient settlement which was populated in the times of the Greek-Bactrain rules (III-II c. B.C) was discovered near Termez. Among the numerous archeological and architectural sites discovered in the Termez area the Buddhist religious center Kara-Tepa with its various monuments of Buddhist culture (ruins of monasteries, frescoes, statues) is of particular importance, as well as the Fayaz-Tepa Buddhist monastery complex (I-III c.), the Kyrk-Kiz country palace (XIV-X c.), the Hakim-at-Termezi architectural complex (XI-XV c.), the Sultan-Saadat Mausoleum complex of the Rules of Termez (XI-XVII c.).
Shakhrisabz
Translated from Persian, Shakhrisabz means “Green City”, this definition quite applicable to Shakhrisabz as this city is really buried in verdure of orchards and vineyards. According to administrative division, Shakhrisabz refers to Kashkadarya region (viloyat) of Uzbekistan with center in Karshi city. Quite small in size, Shakhrisabz is located in only 80 km south of Samarkand, near Gissar and Zeravshan chains, at the interflow of Aksu and Tankhoz rivers. Its altitude is 622 m. Distance between Tashkent and Shakhrisabz is 410 km and from regional center of Kashkadarya region-Karshi city - 100 km. Through Shakhrisabz runs international highway starting in Tashkent - the Big Uzbek Tract.
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